CIVIL - JNTU KAKINADA IV YEAR / I SEM

Basic Concept of EIA Elements of EIA - Factors affecting EIA – Initial environmental examination – Life cycle analysis preparation of Environmental Base Map – Classification of environmental parameters – Role of stakeholders in the EIA preparation – Stages in EIA.

EIA Methodologies Introduction – Criteria for the selection of EIA Methodology – EIA methods, Ad-hoc methods, Matrix methods, Network method, Environmental Media Quality Index Method, Overlay methods, Cost/benefit analysis – EIS and EMP.

Impact of Developmental Activities and Land Use Introduction and methodology for the assessment of soil and ground water – Delineation of study area, Identification of actives – Application of remote sensing and GIS for EIA.

Procurement of relevant soil quality – Impact prediction – Assessment of impact significance – Identification and incorporation of mitigation measures – EIA with reference to surface water, Air and biological environment: Methodology for the assessment of Impacts on surface water environment – Generalized approach for assessment of air pollution Impact

Assessment of impact of development activities on vegetation and wildlife – Environmental Impact of Deforestation – Environment Risk Assessment and Risk Management in EIA – Risk assessment and treatment of uncertainty – Key stages in performing an environmental risk assessment – Advantages of environmental risk assessment.

EIA Notification by Ministry of Environment and Forest (Government of India) Provisions in the EIA notification – Procedure for environmental clearance – Procedure for conducting environmental impact assessment report – Evaluation of eia report – environmental legislation objectives – Evaluation of audit data and preparation of audit report – Post audit activities – concept of iso and iso 14000 – Case studies and preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment statement for various industries

Introduction Groundwater in the hydrologic cycle, Groundwater occurrence, Aquifer parameters and their determination, General groundwater flow equation. Well Hydraulics Steady radial flow and unsteady radial flow to a well in confined and unconfined aquifers, Theis solution, Jocob and Chow’s methods, Leaky aquifers.

Well Design Water well desgin-well diameter, Well depth, Well screen-screen length, Slot size, Screen diameter and screen selection, Design of collector wells, Infiltration gallery.

Well Construction and Development Water wells, Drilling methods-rotary drilling, Percussion drilling, Well construction-installation of well screens-pull-back method, Open-hole, Bail-down and wash-down methods, Well development-mechanical surging using compressed air, High velocity jetting of water, Over pumping and back washing, Well completion, Well disinfection, Well maintenance.

Artificial Recharge Concept of artificial recharge of groundwater, Recharge methods-basin, Stream-channel, Ditch and furrow, Flooding and recharge well methods, Recharge mounds and induced recharge. Saline Water Intrusion Occurrence of saline water intrusion, Ghyben-Herzberg relation, Shape of interface, Control of saline water intrusion.

Geophysics Surface methods of exploration of groundwater – Electrical resistivity and seismic refraction methods, Sub-surface methods – Geophysical logging and resistivity logging. Aerial photogrammetry applications.

Groundwater Modelling and Management Basic principles of groundwater modelling – Analog models-viscous fluid models and membrane models, Digital models-finite difference and finite element models. Concepts of groundwater management, Basin management by conjunctive use-case studies.

In situ densification methods – In situ densification of granular soils – Vibration at ground surface and at depth, impact at ground and at depth – In situ densification of cohesive soils – Pre-loading – Vertical drains – Sand drains and geo drains – Stone columns.

Dewatering – Sumps and interceptor ditches – Single and multi stage well points – Vacuum well points – Horizontal wells – Criteria for choice of filler material around drains – Electro osmosis.

Stabilization of soils – Methods of soil stabilization – Mechanical – Cement – Lime – Bitumen and polymer stabilization – Use of industrial wastes like fly ash and granulated blast furnance slag.

Reinforce earth – Principles – Components of reinforced earth – Design principles of reinforced earth walls – Stability checks – Soil nailing.

Geosynthetics – Geotextiles – Types – Functions, properties and applications – Geogrids, geomembrances and gabions – Properties and application. UNIT-VI Grouting – Objectives of grouting – Grouts and their applications – Methods of grouting – Stage of grouting – Hydraulic fracturing in soils and rocks – Post grout test.