SYLLABUS
UNIT-I
Overview – Introduction – Operating System Objectives, User View, System View, Operating System Definition, Computer System Organization, Computer System Architecture, OS Structure, OS Operations, Process Management, Memory Management, Storage Management, Protection and Security, Computing Environments. Operating System Services, User and OS Interface, System Calls, Types of System Calls, System Programs, Operating System Design and Implementation, OS Structure.
UNIT-II
Process and CPU Scheduling – Process Concepts – The Process, Process State, Process Control Block, Threads, Process Scheduling – Scheduling Queues, Schedulers, Context Switch, Operations on Processes, System Calls – fork( ), exec( ), wait( ), exit( ), Interprocess Communication – Ordinary Pipes and Named Pipes in Unix. Process Scheduling – Basic Concepts, Scheduling Criteria, Scheduling Algorithms, Multiple-processor Scheduling, Real-time Scheduling, Thread Scheduling, Linux Scheduling and Windows Scheduling. Process Synchronization, Background, The Critical Section Problem, Peterson’s Solution, Synchronization Hardware, Semaphores, Classic Problems of Synchronization, Monitors, Synchronization in Linux and Windows.
UNIT-III
Memory Management and Virtual Memory – Memory Management Strategies – Background, Swapping, Contiguous Memory Allocation, Segmentation, Paging, Structure of Page Table, IA-32 Segmentation, IA-32 Paging. Virtual Memory Management – Background, Demand Paging, Copy-on-Write, Page Replacement, Page Replacement Algorithms, Allocation of Frames, Thrashing, Virtual Memory in Windows.
UNIT-IV
Storage Management – File System – Concept of a File, System Calls for File Operations – open( ), read( ), write( ), close( ), seek( ), unlink( ), Access Methods, Directory and Disk Structure, File System Mounting, File Sharing, Protection. File System Implementation – File System Structure, File System Implementation, Directory Implementation, Allocation Methods, Free-space Management, Efficiency and Performance. Mass Storage Structure – Overview of Mass Storage Structure, Disk Structure, Disk Attachment, Disk Scheduling, Disk Management, Swap Space Management.
UNIT-V
Deadlocks – System Model, Deadlock Characterization, Methods for Handling Deadlocks, Deadlock Prevention, Deadlock Avoidance, Deadlock Detection and Recovery from Deadlock. Protection – System Protection, Goals of Protection, Principles of Protection, Domain of Protection, Access Matrix, Implementation of Access Matrix, Access Control, Revocation of Access Rights, Capability-based Systems, Language-based Protection.
